Gynecomastia

Gynecomastia is a medical condition manifested by an increase in breast tissue in men, which most often occurs due to a disturbance in the relationship between the hormones estrogen and testosterone. This imbalance can lead to growth of glandular breast tissue, resulting in enlargement of one or both breasts.

Causes of gynecomastia:

• Hormonal changes: Natural fluctuations in hormones during different stages of life, such as the newborn period, puberty and old age, can lead to gynecomastia
• Medications: Certain medications, including anabolic steroids, antiandrogens, some antidepressants, and medications to treat ulcers, can cause gynecomastia
• Health conditions: Diseases such as liver disease, kidney disease, hyperthyroidism, or tumors that affect hormones can be associated with the development of gynecomastia
• Substance use: The use of alcohol, marijuana, heroin and other drugs can contribute to the development of this condition

Symptoms of gynecomastia:

• Swelling or enlargement of breast tissue
• Tenderness or pain in the breast area
• Sometimes, discharge from the nipple

Diagnosis and treatment:

The diagnosis is made on the basis of medical history, physical examination and, if necessary, laboratory analyzes or imaging. Treatment depends on the cause and may include observation, a change in therapy, medication, or surgery when necessary.